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This study from RIKEN and Hiroshima University assessed the effects of alpha-GPC on motivation in healthy adults using the KOKORO scale, a smartphone-based tool for emotional tracking. In a two-week intervention, participants who took 400 mg of alpha-GPC daily showed significantly increased motivation at night versus placebo. No changes in anxiety were detected, and no side effects were reported. These findings suggest alpha-GPC can acutely elevate motivation, potentially through its modulation of dopamine pathways.

This double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of alpha-GPC on cognitive performance in healthy young men. After acute supplementation with 200 mg or 400 mg of alpha-GPC, significant improvements in reaction time and accuracy on cognitive tasks were observed compared to placebo. Notably, 400 mg of alpha-GPC led to faster reaction times and greater correct responses in visual memory and go/no-go tasks. These results suggest alpha-GPC can acutely enhance cognitive processing speed and accuracy, making it a promising supplement for mental performance enhancement.

This Ohio State University study explored whether a ketone-salt and caffeine supplement could enhance exercise and cognitive performance in healthy, non-keto-adapted adults. Twelve recreationally trained participants consumed either the supplement or water before cycling to exhaustion. The supplement raised ketone levels over twofold and significantly increased time to exhaustion by 8.3% and Wingate average power by 4.3%. No significant cognitive benefits were observed. The supplement was well tolerated, with no adverse GI events. These findings support the ergogenic use of ketone salts with caffeine for boosting high-intensity exercise performance.