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This Ohio State University study explored whether a ketone-salt and caffeine supplement could enhance exercise and cognitive performance in healthy, non-keto-adapted adults. Twelve recreationally trained participants consumed either the supplement or water before cycling to exhaustion. The supplement raised ketone levels over twofold and significantly increased time to exhaustion by 8.3% and Wingate average power by 4.3%. No significant cognitive benefits were observed. The supplement was well tolerated, with no adverse GI events. These findings support the ergogenic use of ketone salts with caffeine for boosting high-intensity exercise performance.

Billed as a medicinal mushroom for centuries, lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) is now being studied for its brain‑boosting effects. In this double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial, 34 adults over 50 were randomized to take powdered H. erinaceus capsules or placebo for 12 weeks; 31 completed the study. Cognitive function was tested at the start, halfway, and end using the Mini Mental State Examination, Benton visual retention, and paired‑associate learning tests. Those who consumed the mushroom saw significant improvement and prevented decline in Mini Mental State scores compared with placebo. No serious side effects were reported, and researchers attribute benefits to neurotrophic compounds in the mushroom.

Bacopa monnieri, or Brahmi, is an Ayurvedic herb praised for memory support. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 60 second-year medical students received either 150 mg standardized Bacopa extract or placebo twice daily for six weeks. Participants completed baseline cognitive tests and repeated them after treatment. Those taking Bacopa improved in working-memory and logical-memory tasks, while the placebo group showed no such gains. Blood tests revealed a rise in serum calcium and slight improvements in lipid profiles that remained within normal ranges. The findings suggest that Bacopa supplementation may boost cognitive performance even in individuals with high baseline abilities.